Preparation: #707 Recall:
Key questions:
America, divided:
Pro-war SPEECHES
1960s pro-war protest (3:31)Pro-War Music: Merle Haggard
Merle Haggard, “Okie from Muskogee,” released 1969. (2:38)We don't smoke marijuana in Muskogee We don't take our trips on LSD We don't burn our draft cards down on Main Street We like livin' right, and bein' free We don't make a party out of lovin' We like holdin' hands and pitchin' woo We don't let our hair grow long and shaggy Like the hippies out in San Francisco do I'm proud to be an Okie from Muskogee, A place where even squares can have a ball We still wave Old Glory down at the courthouse, And white lightnin's still the biggest thrill of all Leather boots are still in style for manly footwear Beads and Roman sandals won't be seen Football's still the roughest thing on campus And the kids here still respect the college dean And I'm proud to be an Okie from Muskogee A place where even squares can have a ball. We still wave Old Glory down at the courthouse And white lightnin's still the biggest thrill of all And white lightnin's still the biggest thrill of all In Muskogee, Oklahoma, USA. Anti-war Speech: MLK
Martin Luther King, Jr., “Beyond Vietnam: A time to break silence” (4:51)So I was increasingly compelled to see the war as an enemy of the poor and to attack it as such. Perhaps the more tragic recognition of reality took place when it became clear to me that the war was doing far more than devastating the hopes of the poor at home. It was sending their sons and their brothers and their husbands to fight and to die in extraordinarily high proportions relative to the rest of the population. We were taking the black young men who had been crippled by our society and sending them eight thousand miles away to guarantee liberties in Southeast Asia which they had not found in southwest Georgia and East Harlem. So we have been repeatedly faced with the cruel irony of watching Negro and white boys on TV screens as they kill and die together for a nation that has been unable to seat them together in the same schools. So we watch them in brutal solidarity burning the huts of a poor village, but we realize that they would never live on the same block in Detroit. I could not be silent in the face of such cruel manipulation of the poor. My third reason moves to an even deeper level of awareness, for it grows out of my experience in the ghettoes of the North over the last three years -- especially the last three summers. As I have walked among the desperate, rejected and angry young men I have told them that Molotov cocktails and rifles would not solve their problems. I have tried to offer them my deepest compassion while maintaining my conviction that social change comes most meaningfully through nonviolent action. But they asked -- and rightly so -- what about Vietnam? They asked if our own nation wasn't using massive doses of violence to solve its problems, to bring about the changes it wanted. Their questions hit home, and I knew that I could never again raise my voice against the violence of the oppressed in the ghettos without having first spoken clearly to the greatest purveyor of violence in the world today -- my own government. For the sake of those boys, for the sake of this government, for the sake of hundreds of thousands trembling under our violence, I cannot be silent. For those who ask the question, "Aren't you a civil rights leader?" and thereby mean to exclude me from the movement for peace, I have this further answer. In 1957 when a group of us formed the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, we chose as our motto: "To save the soul of America." We were convinced that we could not limit our vision to certain rights for black people, but instead affirmed the conviction that America would never be free or saved from itself unless the descendants of its slaves were loosed completely from the shackles they still wear. Anti-War Music: Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan, “Blowing in the wind,” released 1963. (2:35)How many roads must a man walk down Before you call him a man How many seas must a white dove sail Before she sleeps in the sand Yes, 'n' how many times must the cannon balls fly Before they're forever banned The answer, my friend, is blowin' in the wind The answer is blowin' in the wind Yes, 'n' how many years can a mountain exist Before it's washed to the sea Yes, 'n' how many years can some people exist Before they're allowed to be free Yes, 'n' how many times can a man turn his head And pretend that he just doesn't see The answer, my friend, is blowin' in the wind The answer is blowin' in the wind Yes, 'n' how many times must a man look up Before he can see the sky Yes, 'n' how many ears must one man have Before he can hear people cry Yes, 'n' how many deaths will it take till he knows That too many people have died The answer, my friend, is blowin' in the wind The answer is blowin' in the wind Anti-War music: Buffalo Springfield
Buffalo Springfield, “For what it’s worth,” released 1966. (2:41)There's something happening here What it is ain't exactly clear There's a man with a gun over there Telling me I got to beware I think it's time we stop, children, what's that sound Everybody look what's going down There's battle lines being drawn Nobody's right if everybody's wrong Young people speaking their minds Getting so much resistance from behind It's time we stop, hey, what's that sound Everybody look what's going down What a field-day for the heat A thousand people in the street Singing songs and carrying signs Mostly say, hooray for our side It's s time we stop, hey, what's that sound Everybody look what's going down Paranoia strikes deep Into your life it will creep It starts when you're always afraid You step out of line, the man come and take you away We better stop, hey, what's that sound Everybody look what's going down Stop, hey, what's that sound Everybody look what's going down Stop, now, what's that sound Everybody look what's going down Stop, children, what's that sound Everybody look what's going down Significance:
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